The Diversity Of Multicultural Team Management - 1190 Words

Multicultural team management Summary: Since inevitable change of diversification is taking place in the workforce due to the globalization, therefore, understanding of culture and diversity is of great importance for manager to manage a multicultural team where people has different values, beliefs and conventions. To find out how important culture and diversity are to team management in international business, this article emphasized on the important effects of culture and diversity to multicultural team and the solutions to deal with cultural barriers for manager when effectively managing a team. By comparing different types of cultural issues, results suggested that understanding culture and diversity can enhance effective-decision†¦show more content†¦Managing a multicultural team therefore is a challenge for managers who will meet a worst situation unless realizing the importance of culture and diversity and taking actions to deal with them. False-consensus effect The problem we face when working with people of different cultures is that the false-consensus effect confuses us. The false-consensus effect is a tendency for people to assume that the way we see the world is the same as that of others than they actually do (Rose, Greene, and House 1977). For example, when Maggie was walking along a path on a college campus with her group members, an attractive male came alone to ask for their phone numbers. Meggie refused him immediately and proceeded to say that it would be not appropriate giving phone numbers to strangers since they all have boyfriends. However, Linda, a member in the group, disagreed with Maggie and gave her number to the stranger even though she was not single. When Maggie asking others’ opinions, she was shocked that only one girl agreed with her. What Maggie has just experienced is called false consensus effect. False-consensus effect is more obvious in cultural diverse environment and it will create confusions, misinterpretations, poor decisions and ineffectiveness which are bad for team management. The

Tourism in East Africa - 681 Words

East Africa comprises of five neighbouring member states: Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi and Rwanda. These countries are bound as a community through a political treaty that came into effect on the 7th of July 2000 which ratified the establishment of the East African Community (Eac.int, 2014). Tourism receipts in developing countries can amount to more than 20 percent of the total value of exports which makes it a very significant pillar for these economies (Ondicho,2000,pp-49-70). Like all developing countries, the East African Community (EAC) member nations are dependent on the export of primary commodities whose prices are prone to uncertainty and erratic fluctuations. As a result, tourism remains one of the few alternative industries available to these countries in diversifying their sources of foreign exchange (Ondicho, 2000, pp-49-70). According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), tourism’s contribution to Sub-Saharan Africa’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2012 was USD 36.0 Billion (2.8% of GDP) and was forecast to rise by 4.2% to USD 37.5 Billion in 2013 with growth expected to average 5.1% per annum to USD 61.9 Billion by 2023(Turner, 2013, p.3) . Tourism has the potential to propel economic development whilst addressing social ills such as poverty and rampant unemployment given the failure of the traditional sectors such as agriculture to bring about meaningful socio-economic transformation (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2011).Show MoreRelatedTourism : The Largest And Fastest Growing Economic Sector900 Words   |  4 PagesThe largest and fastest growing economic sectors in the world, (#2) is tourism. Tourism has created jobs through the economic growth as well as gained export revenues and helped the development of under pillaged countries, this growth has been unstoppable. 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Kurt Vonnegut A Canary In A Coal Mine Essay Example For Students

Kurt Vonnegut: A Canary In A Coal Mine Essay Kurt Vonnegut Served as a sensitive cell in the organism of American Society during the 1960s. His work alerted the public about the absurdity of modern warfare and an increasingly mechanized and impersonal society in which humans were essentially worthless and degenerated. The satirical tone and sardonic humor allowed people to read his works and laugh at their own misfortune. Vonnegut was born on November 11, 1922, in Indianapolis, where he was reared. His father was an architect, as his grandfather had been. Though the familys fortune was eroded during the Depression-his father went without an architectural commission from 1929 to 1940-they were well-to-do. Kurt attended Shortridge High School, where he was the editor of the nations oldest daily high school paper, the Echo. (((high school quote)))Vonnegut was expected to become a scientist, and when he went to Cornell in 1940, he chose, at the urging of his father, to major in chemistry. (((college quote))) Chemistry was everything then, he said. It was a magic word in the thirties. The Germans, of course, had chemistry, and they were going to take apart the universe and put it together again. At Cornell, he was the managing editor and columnist for its daily paper, the Sun. Among . Among ng and put it together again. At Cornell, he was the managing editor and columnist for its daily paper, the Sun. Among . Among ng and put it together again. At Cornell, he was the managing editor and columnist for its daily paper, the Sun. Among . Among ng and put it together again. At Cornell, he was the managing editor and columnist for its daily paper, the Sun. Among . Among ng and put it together again. At Cornell, he was the managing editor and columnist for its daily paper, the Sun. Among interned as a prisoner of war i!n Dresden, Germany. It was here that he experienced what would later become the basis for one of his best-selling novels, Slaughterhouse-Five. (Dresden) was the first fancy city Id ever seen. Then a siren went off-it was February 13, 1945-and we went down two stories under the pavement into a big meat locker. It was cool there, with (animal) cadavers hanging all around. When we came up the city was gone. This experience, or rather, disaster, was the Allied firebombing of Dresden in which over 130,000 people, mostly citizens, died for no apparent reason. Despite the horror of the incident, he maintains that the experience did not change his way of thinking, but rather gave him another viewpoint from which to observe the absurdity and cruelty of the human race. The importance of Dresden in my life has been considerably exaggerated because my book about it became a best seller. (p. 94 CWV) Vonnegut returned to the United States determined tp be a writer, and to deal with the experience of Dresden, though it was nearly 25 years before he was able to do so. In May of 1945 he married Jane Marie Cox. His first book, Player Piano, was published in 1952. It is an account of life in the future in a town called Ilium, NY, modeled on Schenectady, where Vonnegut, in his late 20s, worked as a public relations man for General Electric. The world that Player Piano envisions is run by computers, an idea which he came across while working at General Electric. Only those who can compete economically with the computers-those whose IQ qualifies them as managers or whose trades are not yet automated-are in any way free. Vonnegut was extremely opposed to this type of mechanization, which he saw as threatening and degrading to the dignity of the common man, and therefore, the human race as a whole. The novels hero, Paul Proteus, proclaims, I deny that there is any natural or div!ine law requiring that machines, efficiency, and organization should forever increase in scope, power and complexity. .. Doing the book was enough to liberate Vonnegut from his job at G.E. , a job that he truly despised. He quit and moved to Cape Cod in 1950. Player Piano sold just 3,500 copies, so for the next few years he was forced to support himself with short stories and occasional articles sold mostly to what used to be called the slicks, magazines such as the Ladies Home Journal and Colliers.. His short stories were written for a distinctly commercial audience, out of need of money. There was a time when to be a slick writer was a disgusting thing to be, as though it were prostitution I was scorned! 6 (p. 4 CWV) This time in his career made it difficult to later break into the world of well-known authors, for many critics ignored his work entirely. Apparently, they were unwilling to forgive him for having written patently commercial short stories in the beginning of his career. Space travel and runaway computers gave Vonnegut an early reputation as a science fiction writer, but it was never accurate, and Vonneguts books have always been more than just fanciful. James Decartes Essay In games the object is to win, but in life the object is not to winIve never written a story with a villain. (p. 22 CWV)-I think everybodys programmed, and cant help what they do, but I still oppose the rich and powerful: thats the way Ive been programmed. (p. 22 CWV)-Near the beginning of his career, Vonnegut sold his books, one for only $500, to support himself and his family. Publishers always explained very carefully that I wasnt worth any money. They would publish me almost as they did poetry-as a public service. Now that Ive got a lot of money, theres nothing I want. (p. 24 CWV) Hes actually offended by the amount of money he now makes. Its silly, not gratifying. (p. 28 CWV)present publisher: Seymore Lawrence-I want to go into the slums and help the people who are really being screwed by society. You cant comfort the poor with a play or a novel. (p. 27 CWV)-Doing a play is so entertaining, so much fun. All the people! Theres no one else in my study on the Cape (Cod). (p. 24 CWV)-Humanitarian: I beg you to believe in the most ridiculous superstition of all: That humanity is at the center of the universe. (p. 28 CWV)-The great popular comedians of the American 1930s gave Vonnegut the basis for his artistic style, and his central beliefs can be seen as coming from an equally humble source: the lessons of his parents and schoolteachers from the same period. In disagreeing with a Playboy interviewer, who said that Vonnegut was a radical, he claims, Everything I believe I was taught in junior civics during the Great Depression. (p. 11 VIA)-Vonnegut has constructed his own personal mythology for dealing with the world. -Vonnegut is the compassionate satirist who does not have to make us seem worse than we are to make us laugh at ourselves, and who, understanding us, reminds us that the proper study of mankind is still man. (((quote about humanity at the center of the universe))) Vonnegut seems to be there in his fiction with a tolerant and reassuring irony to tell us that it is somehow all right, that humanity remains the most worth caring about. No matter how evil, stupid, or inept we become as a culture or as a people, Vonnegut is there in his fiction reminding us not to give up on the human race. He is forever prompting us to recall that common humanity, a sense of decency, and good manners are the basis of civilized behavior, and civilized behavior is within almost everybodys capabilities. At heart, therefore, to see Vonnegut as a humanist as well as a humorist is to see him in true relation to his times and his culture. -It was only in 1969, after nearly 20 years of writing, that Vonnegut achiever widespread critical recognition. It was Slaughterhouse Five which did it for him. The experience at the center of the novel is the World War II fire-bombing of Dresden, which the young Vonnegut survived as a prisoner of war. Vonneguts persona in the book is Billy Pilgrim, a meek optometrist who in mid-career loses interest in helping people to see physically and begins to try to make them see according to his own light. Pilgrim is a veteran of Dresden, and his mind flashes from recollections of the bombing and its aftermath to the banality of his life in Ilium, N.Y., to his time-warp trips to the imagined planet of Tralfamadore, which he discusses before millions of viewers on an all-night talk show. The devise of the book is to increase the horror of the bombing by its juxtaposition with comedy and fantasy. Throughout the novel, the descriptions of the destroyed city are stark and spare: There we!re hundreds of corpse mines operating by and by. They didnt smell bad at first, were wax museums. But then the bodies rotted and liquefied, and the stink was like roses and mustard gas. So it goes. So it goes, the shrugging expression that follows every mention of death, is the refrain of the book. -In a perfect description of Vonneguts quizzical relationship with critics, Robert Scholes said of Slaughterhouse Five in a front-page review in The New York Times Book Review: Serious critics have shown some reluctance to acknowledge that Vonnegut is among the best writers of his generation. He is, I suspect, both too funny and too intelligent for many, who confuse muddles earnestness with profundity. Vonnegut is not confused. He sees all too clearly. (p. 32 CWV)-The success of Slaughterhouse Five made Vonnegut rich, and changed him. But it was not the money that changed him. It was a therapeutic thing. Im a different sort of person now. I got rid of a lot of crap. Interestingly, I am in a dangerous position now (in 1971). I can sell anything I write. (p. 32 CWV)

My Contraband And Brothers By Alcott Essays - Ned, The Lucy Poems

My Contraband And Brothers By Alcott Of all the atrocities, man has endured; none has caused more misery and destruction to the soul than human bondage, also identified as slavery. It is illustrated in Louisa May Alcott's story: "My Contraband," originally published "The Brothers." The Civil War was fought over slavery. It pitted brother against brother, but this did not kill these brothers, it was the deep and festering hatred they had for each other that sent them to their early graves. The story these individuals create is complex and depressing; the main character, Robert is a contraband (a slave who has come to the North to seek freedom). Instead of finding freedom, he finds his half brother Ned and his wife Lucy. After the death of his master, Robert arrives from the South to freedom in the North to work in a hospital caring for wounded men of the war. His assignment is to help Miss Dane, a nurse, tend to a dying Rebel. Miss Dane appears to be the narrator in the story She is aware of Robert's troubled existence and observes despair from the moment their encounter. Upon their first meeting, she sensed sadness from deep within him she remarked, "I had seen colored people in what they call "the black sulks" when, for days, they neither smiled nor spoke, and scarcely ate. But, this was something more than that" (528). Miss Dane appears to be a compassionate person; nursing comes easy to her and she lacks intolerance regarding Robert's color. She had wanted"to know and comfort him; and following the impulse of the moment I went in and touched him on the shoulder"(529). This is an example of her compassionate view of the contraband. She believed that "black boys are far more faithful and handy than some of the white scamps" (528). Robert is content to stay with the rebel even though he has typhoid. When Miss Dane informs Robert that since he himself has never contracted this disease, he may become infected with it, he states, "It don't matter, Missis. I'd rather be up here with the fever than down with those niggers; and there isn't no other place for me." (530). For seven days, Miss Dane nursed the Rebel and for these seven days, he did regain consciousness. At times his presence could not be felt, until in his feverish state he begins to ramble on. At times his rambling would be incoherent other times she would be able to understand what he was saying. On this night the Doctor is skeptical about his survival he instructs her to "Give him water as long as he can drink, and if he drops into a natural sleep, it may save him...Nothing but sleep or a miracle will keep him now..." (531). At that moment the Rebel called out for "Lucy" (531). Miss Dane felt "some new terror seemed to have gifted him with momentary strength" (531). She went to his side exclaiming, "Yes, here's Lucy" (531) this agitated the Rebel even further. It was evident when "His dull eye fixed upon me, dilating with a bewildered look he broke out fiercely That's a lie she's dead, and so's Bob, damn him" (531). Miss Dane dozed off, she awoke with a shock as she sprang up she felt "A strong hand put me back into my seat and held me there" (532). It was Robert, he stood there his "eyes full of sombre fire;" (532). Miss Dane was confused and stunned by these events. Robert was calm and told her "Sit still, Missus; I won' hurt yer...but you waked up to soon (533). She "saw murder in his eyes" (533) and began to plead with Robert. She questioned him "Why do you hate him? He is not your master" (533). Robert's reply, "He's my brother" (533), astonished her. Even though she was trying to grasp this information, her mind was attempting to derive a plan to hang on to her life and the Rebels. Again, she pleaded with Robert only this time not for an explanation. She feared for her life and for the Rebels but seeing Roberts mind was full of revenge and hatred, she needed to know why. She pressed Robert further until he agreed; he had been waiting to kill the Rebel until he found out about Lucy. Miss Dane questioned, "Who's Lucy" (534), his reply "My wife- he took her" (534) only incited her curiosity further. She persuaded him to tell her his life. Ned is his half-brother